Relationship between Malocclusion and Obesity: A Cross-sectional Study in the Moroccan Population
PDF

Keywords

Obesity
Malocclusion
IMC

Categories

How to Cite

1.
Dohou GAM, El Haddaoui R, Lekesse Apila C, Zaoui F, Bahoum A. Relationship between Malocclusion and Obesity: A Cross-sectional Study in the Moroccan Population. Integr J Med Sci [Internet]. 2021 Mar. 1 [cited 2024 Dec. 13];8. Available from: https://mbmj.org/index.php/ijms/article/view/422

Abstract

Introduction: Intra-arch dental malocclusions are explained by the disharmony between the arch perimeter and the existing dental capital. The habitable perimeter is the result of the basal and alveolar growth, itself under the dependence of the musculature. The idea of working on the relationship between obesity and malocclusion is to understand whether the effects of mastication and the typology of musculature specific to this category, could have an influence on the dimensions of the arches and therefore on the genesis of malocclusions in children. The aim of this cross-sectional observational study is therefore to evaluate the impact of obesity and overweight on the development of malocclusion in growing age subjects.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in 58 children aged 10 to 16 years old who consulted the Rabat Dental Treatment and Consultation Center CCTD-CHIS between January 2018 and December 2018. Excluded from this study were children who had received orthopedic treatment or were undergoing orthodontic treatment, children with system pathology, as well as those with incomplete dentures or proximal caries.  The sample was divided into 2 groups according to their Body Mass Index (BMI): G1 normal weight children, G2 overweight or obese children. The variables studied were: dental crowding, overjet and overbite, presence of dysfunction or parafunction and height of the anterior face. The comparison of these variables between the two groups was made by Pearson's Chi-square test for qualitative variables and the non-parametric test (Mann- Whitney's U-test) for quantitative variables.
Results: The results of this study showed that the frequency of dysfunctions and parafunctions, as well as the increase in the lower anterior facial height were greater in the overweight/obese group (57.1%; 62.9% and 60.9% respectively). For endo-buccal parameters, crowding was greater in the overweight/obese group with a median of 2 [0-3] for this group and 1 [0-3] for the normo-weight group. The difference between the two groups for these parameters was not statistically significant. In addition, the results of this study showed that the overjet in the overweight/obese group was slightly reduced (1[o-2]) compared to the norm-weight group (2[1-3]).  This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).

https://doi.org/10.15342/ijms.2021.422
PDF

References

https://www.who.int/topics/obesity/fr/

https://www.who.int/end-childhood-obesity/facts/fr/

Celikoglu M, Akpinar S, Yavuz I. The pattern of malocclusion in a sample of orthodontic patients from Turkey. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010; 15:e791-6. https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.15.e791

Sureshbabu AM, Chandu GN, Shafiulla MD. Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 13 to 15-year-old school children of Davangere city, Karnataka, India. J Indian AssocPublic Health Dent 2005; 6(1): 32-5. https://doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.119071

Bourzgui F, Sebbar M, Hamza M, Lazrak L, Abidine Z, El Quars F. Prevalence of malocclusions and orthodontic treatment need in 8-to 12-year-old schoolchildren in Casablanca, Morocco. Progressin Orthodontics. 2012;I3: 164-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pio.2011.09.005

Mitchell L, Littlewood SJ, Nelson-Moon ZL, Dyer F. An Introduction to Orthodontics. 4th ed. Oxford:Oxford University Press; 2013. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-1261-z

Sun KT, Chen SC, Li YF, Chiang HH, Tsai HH, Li CY, et al. Bite-force difference among obese adolescents incentral Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc. 2016 Jun;115(6):404-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2015.05.007

Mohammed DR. Photographical analysis of macro-and micro-aesthetic appearance in a sample of Iraqi adults with class I normal occlusion (a cross-sectional study). A master thesis, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad. 2016.

CDC Growth Charts: United States. National center for Health Statistics in collaboration with the National Center for chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2000. [Accessed 2021 Feb 02]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/index.htm

Trowbridge FL. Evaluating nutritional status of infantand children. In: Paige DM (eds). Clinical nutrition. 2nd ed. St. Louis: The CV Mosby Co. 1988;119-36.

Programme National de Nutrition. 2019. [Accessed 2021 Feb 02]. Available from: https://www.sante.gov.ma/Documents/2019/06/Programme%20National%20de%20Nutrition.pdf

OECD. The Heavy Burden of Obesity: TheEconomics of Prevention, OECD Health PolicyStudies. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2019. https://doi.org/10.1787/67450d67-en

Scacchi M, Pincelli A, Cavagnini F. Growth hormone in obesity. Intern J Obesit. 1999; 23: 260-271. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0800807

Souames M, Brun P, Losfeld P. Surpoids et régimealimentaire chez l’adolescent: étude dans les collèges du département des Hauts-de-Seine. Archives de Pédiatrie. 2005;12(10):1540-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2005.03.059

Flegal KM, Ogden CL, Wei R, Kuczmarski RL, Johnson CL. Prevalence of overweight in US children. Comparison of US growth charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention withother reference values for body mass index. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;73(6):1086–1093. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/73.6.1086

Musung JM, Muyumba EK , Nkulu DN, Kakoma PK,Olivier Mukuku 3, Berthe Kon Mwad Kamalo 1, Clarence Kaut Mukeng. et al: Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents in schoolin Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo. Pan Afric Med J. 2019 ;32:49. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2019.32.49.15969

Blake-Scarlettl BE, Younger N, McKenzie CA, Broeck JVD, Powell C, Edwards S , et al. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Children Six to Ten Years of Age in the North-East Health Region of Jamaica. West Indian Med J. 2013; 62 (3): 171. [Accessed 2021 Feb 02]. Available from: https://www.mona.uwi.edu/fms/wimj/system/files/article_pdfs/dr_be_blake-scarlett_wimj_march.qxd_.pdf

CDC Growth Charts: United States. National center for Health Statistics in collaboration with the National Center for chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. 2000.

Werner SL, Phillips C, Koroluk LD. Association between childhood obesity and dental caries. Pediatr Dent. 2012; 34: 23-7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9105759

Maeda K, Tsuiki S, Isono S, Namba K, Kobayashi M, Inoue Y. Difference in dental arch size between obese and non-obese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. J Oral Rehabil. 2012 Feb;39(2):111-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2011.02243.x

Jasim E, Garma N, Nahidh M. The Association between Malocclusion and Nutritional Status among9-11 Years Old Children. Iraqi Orthod J. 2016; 12(1):13-19).

Giuca MR, Pasini M, Caruso S, Tecco S, Necozione S, Gatto R. Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need in Obese Adolescents. Int J Dent. 2015; 2015:876931. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/876931

Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser.2000;894:i-xii, 1-253..

Olszewska K. Craniofacial morphology in overweight and obese orthodontic adolescent patients. J Pre-Clin Clin Res. 2017;11(1); 42-45. https://doi.org/10.26444/jpccr/75138

LitsasG. Growth hormone therapy and craniofacial bones: a comprehensive review, Oral Diseases.2013:19; 559—567. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.12041

Öhrn K, Al-Kahlili B, HuggareJ, Forsberg CM,Marcus C.Craniofacial morphology in obese adolescents. Acta Odontol Scand. 2002;60:193-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/000163502760147936

Silveira AM, Fishman LS, Subtelny JD, Kassebaum DK. Facial growth during adolescence in early,average and late maturers. Angle Orthod. 1992;62:185-90. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1992)062<0185:FGDAIE>2.0.CO;2

Hilgers KK, Akridge M, Scheetz JP, Kinane DE. Childhood obesity and dental development. Pediatr Dent. 2006;28:18-22.

Kopecky GR, Fishman LS. Timing of cervical headgear treatment based on skeletal maturation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1993;104:162-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(05)81006-6

Revelo B, Fishman LS. Maturational evaluation of ossification of the midpalatal suture. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1994;105:288-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0889-5406(94)70123-7

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2021 Dohou GAM et al.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...